| Chlorination solutions FOULING CONTROL Current procedures for macrofouling control involve the application of biocidal chemicals, commonly chlorine. These application chemicals cost money, may pose health risks on site, can give rise to unacceptable contaminants in effluent streams, and may be inappropriate to specific fouling issues. Environmental and safety regulations coming into force in Europe are leading to increasing restrictions or prohibition of the use of chlorine. Alternatives include bromide-based additives (although these still require chlorine for activation); bromine; filming amides; ozone; reverse heat flushing; physical abrasion techniques. These alternatives still pose two (heat and physical) or all of the problems listed above. With many companies at present trying to sell alternative biocides or antifouling procedures to industry, there is a pressing need to assess their efficacy and economics, both generally and on a site-specific basis. Bacterial and algal fouling can be reduced by the use of appropriate materials, such as cupronickel condenser tubes or plastic tower-packs. It is often beneficial to review current regimes to ensure regulatory compliance, optimise chlorine use and, if possible, to reduce cost. |
 APPLICATION REGIMES The primary objectives are to maintain water supply and to control fouling. From our researches and experience we, can advise on :
|